Antenna system



Nov; 25, 1930. H. CHIREIX 3 v ANTENNAY'SYSTEH Filed Sept 925 ZEN \THHOR\ZON ZENITH I myimb' 1 new cum Patented Nov. 25, 1930 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE Y HENRI GI-IIREIX, OF IE'AHIS, FRANCE ANTENNA sysrnm iApplication filed September 8, 1925, Serial No. 55,087, and inilranceSeptember 9, 1924.

The present invention concerns easilyjcon structed antennaarrangementsfand has for its principal object the provision of such anarrangementwhich for agiven power and frequency of energizing currentwillproduce a greatly increased 'efi'ectat a distance compared with whathas heretofore been attained with an ordinary antenna. l

Another object of the invention isto pro;

vide an antenna arrangement in which sub stantially all the transmittedpower will be e'flective in a predetermined plane.

Still another object of the invention is to I provide an antennaarrangement in which I5 substantially all" the transmitted power will 2ovices within range;

Still another object of'the invention is to provide an antenna having anatural wave length less than its physical length.

Still anothe'r' object of theinvention-is to provide an antenna havingcondensers connected in series withflit'at different" points along itslength whereby its" natural Wave length will be substantially shortened.i

It is well known that" by the aid of projectors, screensfiooralinem'ents of antennae,

it is [possible to o t'ain for directional transmission to a givendistance a large reduction of-th'e energy or power employed; but it isthen necessary that the receiving station be i 1535 located in thedirection of the beam 'se'nt out, and the construction of the tem israther complicated. a It is also figured-that if one'excites a verticalantenna with a high harmonic, a beam is antenna sys- 40 sentout which isnot directed horizontally buttwhichproduces' a maximum effect in adirection iwhich is: markedly bent upward with referenceto the horizon.Thismay'be no inconvenience to speak of in'the caseof Llong-distancetransmission on account of the refiectionson' the Heavisidelayer, andin fact is often desired, but serious inconvenience may arlsewhenever the small distances.

The system formingthe sulijectqnatten of wavesare sent" over ithepresent invention on the contrary,igi ves given distance-action, isgreatly diminished.

This action isrealized by preventing the beam of energy from expandingin zenith.

An analogous casefrom optics is where a luminous source is placedbetween two hori zontal plane'mirrors. l p r The invention is practicedsimply by charging the vertical antenna by means of condensers arrangedin series. Such an arrangementtends to reduce the self-inductan ce perunit of length of the antennawitliout its capacity being affected. v v

It fignredthat the phase displacement 1 of the current-along an infiniteline constituted in this manner isvery much less than that correspondingto a non-charged line; in otherwords,the length of the line necessary toproduce a complete wave ofcurrent is greatly increased, or from still adiiferent aspect, the velocity of flow of energy along the radiator, i;e, in a vertical direction, is made greater than the velocity of light.It follows therefrom that if one builds a vertical antenna of this kind,"-the frequency of the current corresponding to the quarter waveoscillation maybe greatly increased; or, putting it in a diiferentmanner, it is pos sible with a current of a given frequency to excite atits fundamental Wave a by far higher aerial, if, according to thepresent invention, itischarged with condensers, t

The distance atwhichthese must be placed" is calculated in the samewayas the intervals 9 at which Pupincdilsmust. be, disposed inpupinizedlines. l 1 i The invention is illustrated byway of example inthe accompanying drawing in which 7' w i i iFigs'rl and flarecomparativecurves shoW-' ing the energy dispersalfrom an antennaconforming to theiinvention and from an e i we ordinary antennarespectively,

Fig. 3 shows a non-directional antenna conforming to the invention,

Fig. 4 shows a directional antenna conforming to the invention,

Figure 5 is a view in detail of a method of connecting the condensers,one such condenser being shown in section.

Referring first to the curves in Figs. 1 and 2 in which the shaded areasrepresent the dispersal of energy it will be noted that in Fig. 1 whichrepresents conditions surrounding an antenna conforming to thisinvention there is substantially no radiation outside of the horizontalplane or region in space, while in Fig. 2, representing conditionssurrounding an ordinary aerial, there is a very appreciable radiationoutside of the horizontal plane. This necessarily implies a betterutilization of the energy in the present case.

Fig. 3 shows by way of example one embodiment of the invention. Theantenna is of the two-wire kind, the wires being represented by thereference numerals 1 and 2 which are interrupted at intervals bycylindrical condensers, represented at 3, each condenser consisting oftwo concentric tubes a and Z). The two parallel wires 1 and 2 are eachfastened to one end of the tube a which constitutes the outer armatureof the series condensers. The other armature b of such condensers islocated inside tube a and insulated therefrom by a suitable dielectric.The inner armatures of each two next condensers are connected togetherby means of wires at in the same manner as the outer armatures by meansof wires 1 and 2. Such disposition has the advantage of easily securinga good mechanical strength, together with the necessary insulationbetween sections 2 and 4 and 1 and 4:. It should be understood howeverthat the condensers can be realized and built in a great many otherways.

A modification of the invention consists in constituting a closedcircuit with the capacity shortened conductors shown in Fig. 3, and ininducing in the frame thus formed currents of a frequency correspondingto the resonance or tuned condition of the system.

No phase displacement nor stationary Waves should then be presentalthough the length of the conductor used by far exceeds the length ofthe wave corresponding to the frequency of the current; the currents inthe up and down leads, in particular are of opposite sense at any andevery instant. The transmission is then directed in the horizontal planeas that of a frame.

Such a modification is schematically indicated in Figure l in which theframe sides 10 and 11 each representa capacity shortened uprightradiator. These may each be arranged as suggested in F igure'SHReferring to Fig. 4, it may be desirable to shift the verticalconductors with relation to one another by about one-half wave-length inwhich. case the effects due to the two conductors become mostefficiently added in the plane of the frame.

It has already been proposed to use frames comprising condensersdistributed along them, but it has never been suggested to give them, asurface corresponding to several wave-lengths; as to the rest, thediagram found for the vertical plane is not that of a frame in thecustomary sense, but a diagram of the type shown in Fig. 1. This antennathen is directional, in a horizontal plane, like any frame antenna, andis also directional in a vertical plane in that radiation is depressedand kept from propagating towards the zenith.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. An antenna arrangement comprising an essentially upright antenna andmeans. for uniformly reducing the self-inductance per unit lengththereof without affecting its capacity.

2. An antenna arrangement comprising an upright antenna conductor withsubstantially uniformly spaced condensers in series with it distributedalong its length.

3. An antenna arrangement comprising a plurality of spaced uprightantenna conductors with condensers in series with and substantiallyuniformly spaced along the length of said conductors.

4. An antenna for radiating directionally and in only a substantiallyhorizontal region in space comprising a plurality of upright radiatorsspaced a fraction of a wave length apart and energized in dephasedrelation to secure directional radiation, each of said upright radiatorsbeing electrically shortened by spaced series condensers to suppressradiation towards the zenith.

5. The method of suppressing radiation towards the zenith which consistsin transmitting, the radiation. energy in a vertical direction at. aspeed greater than that of light.

6. The method of securing directional transmission in only asubstantially horizontal region in space which consists in radiatingsimultaneously from a plurality of spaced radiators in dephasedrelation, and at each radiator transmitting the radiation energy in avertical direction at aspeed greater than that of light.

7. The method of radiating electromag netic energy in order to producesubstantial horizontal propagation of the radiated energy which includestransmitting energy vertically and linearly at a velocity greater thanthat-of'light.

.8. The method of radiating electromagnetic energy in order to producesubstantial horizontal propagation of the radiated energy which includestransmitting radiant energy in a vertical plane linearly ata speedgreater; thanthat ofllighth V 9. An antenna for radiating directionallyand in only a substantially horizontal re ion in space comprising aplurality of uprlght radiators spaced a'fraction of a Wave length apartand energized in a predetermined phase relation to secure directionalradiation each of said upright radiators being electrically shortened byspaced series condensers to suppress radiation towards the zenith.

HENRI OHIREIX.

